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接頭辞 ( Prefixes )
A group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning and make a new word.
言葉の最初に付いて、言葉の意味を変えたり、新しい言葉を作り出したりするもの。
| 接頭辞 (Prefix) | 意味 (Meaning) | 例 (Example) | |
| a- | in, on, of, to | abed | in bed |
| a-, ab-, abs- | from, away | abrade | wear off |
| absent | away, not present | ||
| a-, an- | lacking, not | asymptomatic | showing no symptoms |
| anaerobic | able to live without air | ||
| ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- | to, toward | accost | approach and speak to |
| adjunct | something addied to | ||
| aggregate | bring together | ||
| ambi-, amphi- | around, both | ambidextrous | using both hands equally |
| amphibious | living both in water and on land | ||
| ana- | up, again, anew, throughout | analyze | loosen up, break up into parts |
| anagram | word spelled by mixing up letters of another word | ||
| ante- | before | antediluvian | before the flood |
| anti- | against | antiwar | against war |
| arch- | first, chief | archetype | first model |
| auto- | self | sutomobile | self-moving vehicle |
| bene-, ben- | good, well | benefactor | one who does good deeds |
| bi- | two | bilateral | two-sided |
| circum- | around | circumnavigate | sail around |
| com-, co-, col-, con-, cor- | with, together | concentrate | bring close together |
| cooperate | work with | ||
| collapse | fall together | ||
| contra-, contro-, counter- | against | contradict | speak against |
| counterclockwise | against the clock | ||
| de- | away from, down, opposite of | detract | draw away from |
| demi- | half | demitasse | half cup |
| di- | twice, double | dichromatic | having two colors |
| dia- | across, through | diameter | measurement across |
| dis-, di- | not, away, from | dislike | to not like |
| digress | turn away from the subject | ||
| dys- | bad, poo | dyslexia | poor reading |
| equi- | equal | equivalent | of equal value |
| ex-, e-, ef- | from, out | expatriate | one who lives outside his or her native country |
| emit | sent out | ||
| extra- | outside, beyond | extraterrestrial | from beyond the earth |
| fore- | in front of, previous | forecast | tell ahead of time |
| foreleg | front leg | ||
| geo- | earth | geography | science of the earth's surface |
| homo- | same, like | homophonic | sounding the same |
| hyper- | too much, over | hyperactive | overly active |
| hypo- | too little, under | hypothermia | state of having too little body heat |
| in-, il-, ig-, im-, ir- | not | innocent | not guilty |
| ignorant | not knowing | ||
| illogical | not logical | ||
| irresponsible | not responsible | ||
| in-, il-, im-, ir- | on, into, in | impose | place on |
| invade | go into | ||
| inter- | between, among | interplanetary | between planets |
| intra-, intro- | within, inside | intrastate | within a state |
| mal-, male- | bad, wrong, poor | maladjusted | adjust poorly |
| malevolent | ill-wishing | ||
| mis- | badly, wrongly | misunderstand | understand wrongly |
| mis-, miso- | hatred | misogyny | hatred of women |
| mono- | single, one | monorail | train that runs on a single rail |
| neo- | new | neolithic | on the New Stone Age |
| non- | not | nonentity | a nobody |
| ob- | over, against, toward | obstruct | stand against |
| omni- | all | omnipresent | present in all places |
| pan- | all | panorama | a complete view |
| peri- | around, near | periscope | device for seeing all around |
| poly- | many | polygonal | many-sided |
| post- | after | postmortem | after death |
| pre- | before, earlier than | prejudice | judgment in advance |
| pro- | in favor of, forward, in front of | proceed | go forward |
| prowar | in favor of war | ||
| re- | back, again | rethink | think against |
| reimburse | pay back | ||
| retro- | backward | retrospective | looking backward |
| se- | apart, away | seclude | keep away |
| semi- | half | semiconscious | half conscious |
| sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sus- | under, beneath | subscribe | write underneath |
| suspend | hang down | ||
| suffer | undergo | ||
| super- | above, greater | superfluous | overflowing, beyond what is needed |
| syn-, sym-, syl-, sys- | with, at the same time | synthesis | a putting together |
| sympathey | a feeling with | ||
| tele- | far | television | machine for seeing far |
| trans- | across | transport | carry across a distance |
| un- | not | uninformed | not informed |
| vice- | acting for, next in rank to | viceroy | one acting for the king |
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